The Impact of Online Dating - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1310 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/02/05 Category Sociology Essay Level High school Tags: Online Dating Essay Did you like this example? Online dating has an influence on our everyday lives. Many people are finding online dating to be the new way to find a hook-up, relationship, or even true love. All they need to do is swipe right to meet their soul mates. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Impact of Online Dating" essay for you Create order Technology and the use of dating apps such as Tinder have developed easy access to potential partners in a matter of minutes. However, while online dating seems to be the easiest way to find a relationship, there are many risks and dangers that can come along with internet dating when people are dishonest in their profiles. Still, the popularity of online dating has changed the way people find romantic partners and the way they communicate. Social media sites have increased audiences on social media sites that are being explored by the world today, such as platforms like Facebook or Twitter. In the study Smith and Duggan (2013) , reported that six out of every ten Americans navigate their past and present romantic relationships. Approximately 31% of SNN users have used sites to check one a significant other they use to date or in relationship with and 17% of individuals posted images or details from a date on social networking sites (Smith and Duggan, 2013). Throughout research findings online dating have become much more positive to some and the new norm. Yet 66% of online dating have dated someone they met through a dating site or app, leading with 23% of online daters meeting their spouse or long term relationship through social media. Using smart phones or the internet to connect to others might be helpful for some people because they’re shy which happens to be different from the past when letters, seeing each other face- to- face, or talking on the phone was necessary. When chatting online people aren’t physical and it’s often a delay between message (Peters and Salzieder, 2018). In a study investigation it shows the effect of facial attractiveness and ambition measured of interpersonal attraction stimulate online dating. Both men and women ratings stimulated a higher percentage on interpersonal attraction when an autobiography describe an individual vs. less ambitious when an individual doesn’t give a description ((Peters and Salzieder, 2018). According to the Internet World Statistics over 218 million people in North America have use the internet access and a high increase of 103% since the year of 2000(Stevens and Morris, 2007). Approximately 98% of individuals sampled stated they own a computer and have access to email and the internet with 51% reported they spend 1 to 3 hours daily; for an open avenue of communication and provide an outlet through relationships (Stevens and Morris, 2007). Online services are much faster and increasingly popular that include instant messages, chat rooms webcams and blogs. There have been a controversy regarding whether the internet has helped people to become more social and establish closer relationship. Significantly, in regard to age it argues that physical, social and psycho-social needs change while emerging adults grew older (Sumter, Vandenbosch and Ligtenberg, 2017). For an example: romantic relationships became more serious while at the same time having casual sex became common and increased as emerging adults became older (Sumter, Vandenbosch and Ligtenberg, 2017). Tinder is one of the most popular online dating apps for iOS and Android that was introduced as a dating app, but it’s been called the hook – up or sex app (Sumter, Vandenbosch and Ligtenberg, 2017). The approach to having a Tinder account is straightforward. By creating a personal profile, you can log in through Facebook with the personal information given and select what details you want to import from Facebook to your Tinder account. Furthermore, there are options to search for potential matches that makes it possible through smart phone GPS to locate matches close to range (Sumter, Vandenbosch and Ligtenberg, 2017). Tinder is used more frequently by 25 – 34 year olds. The theory of Uses and Gratifications (UG) research explains why emerging adults are eager users of Tinder but and in theory it was also challenged to successfully find and understand why people use social media for online dating (Sumter, Vandenbosh and Ligtenberg, 2017). In this theory it spec ifically highlights individuals to use certain types of mass media, fulfillment of needs and desire. Although, the needs and desire can be a developmental stage or personality. In other views, it has been suggested that physical, social, and psychosocial gratifications stimulates users consumption of online dating applications (Sumter, Vandenbosh and Ligtenberg, 2017). Psychical gratification seemed to have relations to exercising or eating but also have a sexual pleasure of needs that were increasingly present during emerging adulthood (Sumter, Vandenbosh and Ligtenberg, 2017). Relating motivations to sexual pleasure were more likely to drive the use of dating apps like Tinder as previous research revealing similar motivates for the use of other dating apps. While social gratification media relates to needs, such as establishing friendships and finding romantic lovers (Sumter, Vandenbosh and Ligtenberg, 2017. In between emerging adults theory has shown that they aim to establish their first long-term serious relationships and a increase in commitment as a characteristic of soci al relationships (Sumter, Vandenbosh and Ligtenberg, 2017). Last but not least, pychosocial gratification simple refers to the need to have psychological origin but have interaction with social variables. Pysychosocial needs have been reported to explain users consumption if dating media(Sumter, Vandenbosh and Ligtenberg, 2017). The use of social media platforms have been discovered that individuals that have a satisfaction of psychosocial needs related to self worth such as validating sexual attraction of his or her own appearance and feels better about self in general.Sumter, Vandenbosh and Ligtenberg, 2017). Social media in general, and Tinder specifically, encourage people to present an online version of themselves that is perfect. The first initiative would be to first impress that may lead to interpersonal attraction.The beauty of swiping right on Tinder is that you will only know if they swipe right if you also swipe right. There are many known factors that an individual might have found their lucky match. Research states first impression are no longer face- to-face but instead it consist of one or multiple photos and brief autobiography (Peters and Salzieder, 2018). With the variety of dating apps and widespread of internet use online media has been used to connect a social relationship in individuals of all ages. Investigator Whitty, interviewed within 30 women and 30 men who have experienced with online dating and she found that participants created online dating profiles in the manner of a performer (Peters and Salzieder, 2018). Individuals admitted to misrepresenting themselves with the goal of being perceived more attractive to others. In the mix of evidence there have been evidence regarding racial-ethnic difference in body type preferences. Using online media to get offline outcomes can become risky. Meeting and arranging online partnership engaging in casual sex can lead to sexual transmitted long term disease. To understand online sexual behavior and experiences of people who use online dating may or may not address risk using online dating. But throughout the online dating market sexual transmitted infections are a major cause of long term illness, disability and death that substantially psychological and medical consequences for individuals dating online (Couch and Liamputtong, 2007). The internet has made it easier for body imaging and pleasure to climax sexting connection to have full control over self-impression. In many countries sexual transmitted infections have increased. In Australia, in 2004 46,762 were infected with a STI notifications, while an increase compared 10 15,355 notifications in 1997 (Couch and Liamputtong, 2007). The increase of STI’s may have been due to the more sensitive diagnostic tests and increase in screening rates. Statistics of Tinder Use vs. Offline Encounters rates 23% of current and former Tinder users access the app on a daily basis around 20% used the app less than a month of have used it once or twice. Just about half of 45.5% gone on a date followed by a perfect match and 18.6% had a one night stand followed by a match app (Sumter, Vandenbosch and Ligtenberg, 2017).

Chinas Economic Growth Due to Recent Foreign Policies

Chinas Economic Growth Due to Recent Foreign Policies Recent Chinese economic policies have shot the country into the world economy at full speed. As testimony of this, Chinas gross domestic product has risen to seventh in the world, and its economy is growing at over nine percent per year (econ-gen 1). Starting in 1979, the Chinese have implemented numerous economic and political tactics to open the Chinese marketplace to the rest of the world. Just a few areas Chinas government is addressing are agricultural technology, the medical market, and infrastructures, like telecommunications, transportation and the construction industry. Chinese reform measures even anticipated the rush of foreign investment by opening newly†¦show more content†¦Even after accounting for all the economic benefits recognized by the world, the Chinese still come out as the country with the most gains. However, there are more motives behind Chinas market reforms than just purely economic. On the political front, China is fast becoming an integral part of international organizations. The Chinese government is making a conscious effort to reenter GATT (the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade), realizing the importance of creating a favorable trading status among foreign nations. Slowing this progress, the 124 nation strong trade bloc has requested that numerous conditions must be met by China before the nation can become a member of GATT once again. Several of these provisions are the elimination of import prohibitions, restrictive licensing requirements and other controls or restrictions; lifting of all restrictions on access to foreign exchange and full convertibility of the Chinese currency (china-tr. 2). Other important key themes behind Chinas Open-Door policies are economic and technological cooperation with the West (china-tr 1) and that Chinas government no longer supports Third World revolution. Instead, China realizes that cooperation with developing countries would be far more practical. 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Abstract: Economic development is very critical for better future of any country and its residence but for one to gain something thing they must lose something. This has been the case with china’s economy and the environment. China’s growing manufacturing sector and increase in consumption has taken the country’s economy to new heights. Today china is one of the largest economic powerhouse in world, but at what cost. China’s

Unity and Coherence free essay sample

Unity and Coherence Today , we learned two things witch we have to know before you write an essay. These are paragraph structure and Unityamp; Coherence. For the paragraph structure, we have to conclude a topic sentence, supporting sentence, and concluding sentence. Combination of those three becomes a paragraph. A good topic sentence should be state the main topic of the essay very clearly, and it tells reader about big idea. A good supporting sentence must be explain about the topic sentence, and have to be very specific. It can be scientific research, example, and so on. Lastly, a good concluding sentence must summarize the paragraph and bring topic sentence in different words. After I got how to make a good paragraph, we learned unity and coherence which should be concluded in paragraph. Unity is the paragraph talk about only one point. Thus, you cannot bring up many different ideas in same paragraph. We will write a custom essay sample on Unity and Coherence or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For coherence, it has to be hold together, which means you cannot jump to other point suddenly. Even though we learned the meaning of unity and coherence, it is hard to combine both of them in the paragraph. Thus, we leaned how we exactly achive these two. For unity, you only can discuss one idea in one paragraph. For coherence, you can repeat key nouns, and using consistent pronouns. It is important to use transition signals as well. It has to be kind of logical and should be in order. From this lecture, we learned two important methods which we have to know when you want to write a good essay. These two are paragraph structure, and unityamp; coherence. If you know paragraph structure, you can write a essay even though you do not have good idea. You can just follow the structure. However, if you want to make a good essay, in the paragraph, you have to conclude unity and coherence. Word counts: 317

Violence Essays (465 words) - Crime, Dispute Resolution, Ethics

Violence Sociology Journal Article Analysis Violence in high schools is present in many places in the school. A survey was taken by five high schools. Both students and teachers were given maps to their schools and asked to identify where and when the most violent events and most dangerous places in the school were at. The participants, or the teachers and students were also asked to identify the ages and sexes of the people who committed the violent acts and of the people who they were committed against. Later the participants were questioned about why they thought these were the most dangerous areas and why these certain types of people committed the violent acts. The findings were that they mostly occurred in places such as hallways, dining areas, and parking lots. All of these places are where authority figures are not usually found. Also in the study they asked their opinions on security guards, suspensions, and objects such as video cameras. The purpose of this survey was to see if interventions should be made to heighte n the sense of awareness between students and teachers about these places where problems most occur. As I said before the methods used to obtain this information was five surveys to five high schools. Since I have recently left the high school environment I believe that this study is one of relative importance. In my younger years of high school, basically my freshman and sophomore years, fights and violent acts occurred regularly. Usually around two a week. And they usually occurred in the same places. Junior things had drastically changed. I remember walking into school and going through a metal detector at the entrance of the school. At first I was somewhat offended but did feel safer. And as the year went on I noticed that fights were not occurring as much. I noticed that teachers were now standing outside their classes in the halls at breaks between classes, police were in the parking lots all the time and cameras were now at every corner. Although I felt like I was in a prison I asked the principal later that year how many fights had occurred. Remarkably finding that only three had occurred the entire year. I believe that this study relates very closely with my school. This article shows that by knowing where the dangerous areas are and improving student relations improves the well being of the entire school. And that by placing cameras and security guards at the designated, dangerous areas, many violent acts can be prevented if not stopped. I see a definite connection between this article and my high school. Because the changes were made the school environment was a safer place. All because the administration knew where the problems were occurring and how to stop them Psychology Essays

Problemas de viajar fuera de USA con visa U

Problemas de viajar fuera de USA con visa U   Si has aplicado para una visa U para và ­ctimas de crà ­menes,  incluidos algunos casos de  violencia domà ©stica,  Ã‚  o si tu solicitud ha sido aprobada puede que desees viajar fuera de EEUU. Pero,  ¿se puede hacer? La respuesta es que nadie puede impedir que se viaje. Pero es muy aconsejable no hacerlo. La razà ³n es que puede que no puedas regresar a Estados Unidos. Incluso si puedes, tomar su tiempo porque tendrs que ir al consulado y esperar por los trmites correspondientes.   Por estos motivos, si ests en Estados Unidos y has pedido una visa U o si tu aplicacià ³n ha sido aprobada es muy recomendable que sà ³lo viajes   a otro paà ­s si es absolutamente necesario, siendo aconsejable que antes de viajar consultes tu caso con un abogado de inmigracià ³n especialista en este tipo de casos. Como este es un asunto muy serio, en este artà ­culo se explica quà © puede pasar si se viaja fuera de Estados Unidos, tanto mientras se tiene la solicitud de visa pendiente como si ya ha sido aprobada. Quà © se debe hacer si se necesita viajar  y tambià ©n quà © momento es el ideal para viajar.  ¿Quà © puede pasar si se viaja  fuera de Estados Unidos con visa U? Si sà ³lo has aplicado  por la visa U ante el USCIS mediante el envà ­o de la planilla (forma) I-918  pero todavà ­a no tienes respuesta y viajas fuera de Estados Unidos necesitars ir a una embajada o un consulado americano para obtener la visa para regresar. Pero el proceso puede demorarse meses. En estos casos hay que esperar por la decisià ³n del USCIS. y aprueba la solicitud, iniciar la tramitacià ³n del visado. Y eso en el caso de que se apruebe. Si la aplicacià ³n de la visa U ha sido aprobada y viajas despuà ©s de dicha aprobacià ³n al extranjero tambià ©n es necesario ir a una embajada o consulado americano   para poder regresar. Esto es asà ­ porque cuando el USCIS hizo su aprobacià ³n el à ºnico documento que entregà ³ fue un documento conocido como I-797C. Esto es simplemente una Nota de Accià ³n en la que se reconoce el estatus, pero no es una visa. Por lo tanto, hay que obtener una en una oficina consular de los Estados Unidos. Y este proceso puede demorarse meses. Adems, tanto en el caso de que se viaje fuera de EEUU cuando sà ³lo se tiene presentada la aplicacià ³n por la visa U como cuando se tiene aprobada la solicitud se corre un riesgo grande que que al presentarse al consulado la visa no sea aprobada. Las razones pueden ser variadas: Al estar en el extranjero no se ha recibido alguna notificacià ³n importante del USCIS.El gobierno considera que con este viaje se ha abandonado la peticià ³nEl gobierno dicen que al estar fuera se incumple con la obligacià ³n de colaborar con las autoridades, que es un requisito de este visado.Se puede considerar que no se sufre del alegado sufrimiento fà ­sico o psà ­quico que se ha alegado al solicitar la visa.  ¿Puedo viajar si antes de salir de Estados Unidos se solicita un advance parole? Esta opcià ³n sà ³lo es posible si la persona a la que se le ha aprobado la visa U ha pedido un ajuste de estatus mediante el envà ­o de la planilla I-485. Sà ³lo en este caso, y nunca antes, es posible solicitar  el advance parole. En todo caso resaltar que es necesario poder alegar razones vlidas para el viaje. No se trata de que simplemente se quiere ver a la familia, etc. Problemas muy serios a tener siempre en cuenta   Si un inmigrante ha permanecido en Estados Unidos ilegalmente por ms de seis meses seguidos se le va a aplicar el castigo de los tres y los diez aà ±os. Esto hace que sea muy problemtico salir del paà ­s porque puede ser dificilà ­simo volver a entrar hasta que pase el tiempo impuesto en el castigo. Y esto es asà ­ incluso en los casos en los que se viaja con un advance parole en mano y al llegar a las aduanas y fronteras de EEUU no se permite ingresar al paà ­s.  ¿Cundo se puede viajar sin problemas fuera de Estados Unidos? Realmente lo ideal es cuando ya se obtiene la tarjeta de residencia, tambià ©n conocida como green card. La visa U puede transformarse despuà ©s de 4 aà ±os y mediante un ajuste de estatus en una residencia. Una vez que se obtienes ya se puede viajar y regresar a Estados Unidos. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Humpty Dumptys Philosophy of Language

Humpty Dumptys Philosophy of Language In Chapter 6 of Through the Looking Glass Alice meets Humpty Dumpty, who she recognizes immediately since she knows about him from the nursery rhyme. Humpty is a bit irritable, but he turns out to have some thought-provoking notions about language, and philosophers of language have been quoting him ever since. Must a Name Have a Meaning? Humpty begins by asking Alice her name and her business:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘My name is Alice, but––‘  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘It’s a stupid name enough!’ Humpty Dumpty interrupted impatiently.   ‘What does it mean?’  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘Must a name mean something?’ Alice asked doubtfully.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘Of course it must,’ Humpty Dumpty said with a short laugh: ‘my name means the shape I am–and a good handsome shape it is too.   With a name like yours, you might be any shape, almost.’ As in many other respects, the looking glass world, at least as described by Humpty Dumpty, is the inverse of Alice’s everyday world (which is also ours). In the everyday world, names typically have little or no meaning: ‘Alice,’ ‘Emily,’ ‘Jamal,’ ‘Christiano,’ usually do nothing other than denoting an individual. They can certainly have connotations: that’s why there are so many more people called ‘David’ (the heroic king of ancient Israel) than are called ‘Judas’ (the betrayer of Jesus). And we can sometimes infer (though not with perfect certainty) incidental acts about a person from their name: e.g. their sex, their religion (or that of their parents), or their nationality. But names usually tell us little else about their bearers. From the fact that someone is called ‘Grace,’ we can’t infer that they are graceful. Apart from the fact that most proper names are gendered, so parents don’t usually call a boy ‘Josephine’ or a girl ‘William,’ a person can be given pretty much any name from a very long list.   General terms, on the other hand, cannot be applied arbitrarily. The word ‘tree’ can’t be applied to an egg; and the word ‘egg’ can’t mean a tree. That is because words like these, unlike proper names, have a definite meaning. But in Humpty Dumpty’s world, things are the other way round. Proper names must have a meaning, while any ordinary word, as he tells Alice later, means whatever he wants it to mean–that is, he can stick them on things the way we stick names on people. Playing Language Games With Humpty Dumpty Humpty delights in riddles and games. And like many other Lewis Carroll characters, he loves to exploit the difference between the way words are conventionally understood and their literal meaning. Here are a couple of examples.                   ‘Why do you sit out here all alone?’ said Alice†¦..  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘Why, because there’s nobody with me!’ cried Humpty Dumpty.   ‘Did you think I didn’t know the answer to that?’ The joke here stems from the ambiguity of the ‘Why?’ question. Alice means ‘What causes have brought it about that you sit here alone?’ This is the normal way the question is understood. Possible answers might be that Humpty dislikes people, or that his friends and neighbors have all gone away for the day. But he takes the question in a different sense, as asking something like: under what circumstances would we say that you (or anyone) are alone? Since his answer rests on nothing more than the definition of the word ‘alone,’ it is completely uninformative, which is what makes it funny. A second example needs no analysis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘So here’s a question for you{says Humpty].   How old did you say you were?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Alice made a short calculation, and said ‘Seven years and six months.’  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘Wrong!’ Humpty Dumpty exclaimed triumphantly.   You never said a word like it.’  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘I thought you meant â€Å"How old are you?†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Alice explained.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘If I’d meant that, I’d have said it,’ said Humpty Dumpty. How Do Words Get Their Meaning? The following exchange between Alice and Humpty Dumpty has been cited countless times by philosophers of language:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘†¦and that shows that there are three hundred and sixty-four days when you might get un-birthday presents––‘  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘Certainly,’ said Alice.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘And only one for birthday presents, you know.   There’s glory for you!’  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚                  ‘I don’t know what you mean by â€Å"glory†,’ Alice said.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘Humpty Dumpty smiled contemptuously. ‘Of course you don’t–till I tell you.   I meant â€Å"there’s a nice knock-down argument for you!†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘But â€Å"glory† doesn’t mean â€Å"a nice knock-down argument†, Alice objected.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   †˜When I use a word,’ Humpty Dumpty said in rather a scornful tone, ‘it means just what I choose it to mean–neither more nor less.’  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘The question is,’ said Alice, ‘whether you can make words mean different things–that’s all.’  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘The question is,’ said Humpty Dumpty, ‘which is to be master–that’s all’ In his Philosophical Investigations (published in 1953), Ludwig Wittgenstein argues against the idea of a â€Å"private language.† Language, he maintains, is essentially social, and words get their meanings from the way they are used by communities of language users. If he is right, and most philosophers think he is, then Humpty’s claim that he can decide for himself what words mean, is wrong. Of course, a small group of people, even just two people, could decide to give words novel meanings.   E.g. Two children could invent a code according to which â€Å"sheep† means â€Å"ice cream† and â€Å"fish† means money. But in that case, it is still possible for one of them to misuse a word and for the other speaker to point out the mistake. But if I alone decide what words mean, it becomes impossible to identify mistaken uses. This is Humpty’s situation if words simply mean whatever he wants them to mean. So Alice’s skepticism about Humpty’s ability to decide for himself what words mean is well-founded.   But Humpty’s response is interesting. He says it comes down to ‘which is to be master.’  Presumably, he means: are we to master language, or is language to master us? This is a profound and complex question. On the one hand, language is a human creation: we didn’t find it lying around, ready-made. On the other hand, each of us is born into a linguistic world and a linguistic community which, whether we like it or not, provides us with our basic conceptual categories, and shapes the way we perceive the world.  Language is certainly a tool that we use for our purposes; but it is also, to use a familiar metaphor, like a house in which we live.

How Do Executed Offenders React To Their Punishments - Death Penalties Essay

How Do Executed Offenders React To Their Punishments - Death Penalties - Essay Example Other inmates hold onto the grudge. They are not sorry, and not affected by the sentences they are given. Others redeem themselves. They accept their crimes. At times they go further and apologize to the affected family. The various ways are explained in depthbelow. A major reaction to this punishment is mental illness. Mental illness is a condition characterized by impairments of one’s cognitive abilities. This impairment may also be behavioral functioning. The impairments are caused by head trauma in our case. An estimate of 5-10% of death row inmates has the problem of mental illness. Research has also shown that nearly all the inmates who are on death row suffer from brain damage. This is as a result of illness or trauma. All creaturesshudder at the thought of destruction. Human are survival animals. When one has no option to his survival, everything breaks down. The fabricant of humanity shuttered. This shutter is mental disorientation. Inmates are diagnosed by doctors an d those who have mental illness isolated. Diagnosis is done but the inmates refuse medication. Those awaiting execution are resolved to their fate. They see no reason for staying alive while you are condemned to die. The thought is ironical on its own. Some are even happy that they are sick. They even go ahead and neglect any dosages. Though there are forced dosages, this is not the solution. Some illnesses take more than medicine to heal. Mental illness is one, will is required. The inmate may be forced to treatment, but the will is important. Resolution to die makes healing difficult. Some inmates go ahead and self-admit their crimes. A good example here is Stanley â€Å"Tookie† Williams. Mr. Williams is a Nobel nominee: An author, Nobel Peace and Literature Prizes nominee. Mr. Williams was a co-founder of Crips. Crips is a Los Angeles-based street gang. The gang is responsible for hundreds of murders. Mr. Williams was convicted of four counts of murder. After a number of y ears of incarceration, Mr. Williams underwent a religious conversion. It was in this time that he authored his books. He went on and became admitted of his own crime and violence. He redeemed himself. He turned his life to uniqueness of unusual good works. Mr. Williams was executed by lethal injection. Though there was circumstantial evidence, Mr. Williams illustrated the other side of the coin. He illustrated how complex morality of the death penalty is. It is widely expected a death row inmate to be hostile. It is socially acceptable if he conforms to hate. Redemption, though expected, is unique. Mr. Williams reacted to the death penalty by redeeming himself. Other inmates become affiliated to the death row syndrome. Psychologists and lawyers argue that death row inmates develop phenomenons as they await execution. This phenomenon is called thedeath row phenomenon. The psychological effect of this phenomenon results to the death row syndrome. The living conditions on the death row have its effects. Some inmates turn to become suicidal. Other inmates become delusional. Others are pushed to insanity. The conditions that inmates face as they await execution are destruction to one’spsychology. The psychological damage is as torture. The more the waiting period, the more the torture. This makes the prisoner depressed. Some inmates are often forced to trying escaping from prison. Those on escape try colloquial ways that would make sure there is no going back. It’

Feminism in Women Hollering Creek Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Feminism in Women Hollering Creek - Essay Example My area of concern is how majority of the characters have the stereotypical outlook towards genders especially the men embodying the machismo while the women are depicted as being weak and also naive. While not belonging to any land whether Mexico or America, the Chicana protagonists intently look out for their identity and this just ends up negatively as their dreams end up shattered with abuse and neglect this is brought out clearly in the text with the emphasis being on how the female generation struggles while at the same time the author brings out the other side of the readers with the tales of the lives of immigrants especially the Mexican immigrants and their personality as a society. My main goal in this paper is to analyze the themes associated with feminism in the story â€Å"Woman Hollering Creek† by Sandra Cisneros. The theme of feminism will be analyzed from the perspective of similarities and differences between the cultures that are displayed by the story. This will be split between into sections with each looking at different aspect of cultures that are presented. Also under this section will be the historical context and a brief preview of the story by the author which depicts how the society is brought out. As the last part, I will be concluding with my thoughts on the story and the themes discussed especially the aspect of feminism and how the Mexican culture has been presented in relation to the women. Woman Hollering Creek The story is the title of the book by the same name; â€Å"Woman Hollering Creek†. It revolves around a Mexican woman by the name Cleofilas Enriqueta DeLeon Hernandez who has a belief she will live ever happily ever after; she marries a man by the name Juan Pedro Martinez Sanchez after her father consents the marriage. Thereafter she leaves her father and her six brothers in Mexico, the couple drive across the border to â€Å"el otro lado†- the other side; a dusty little town called Seguin in Texas. I t is here in Texas that she wants to start a new life as a wife in a ramshackle house but her hopes and aspirations of having a happy marriage are dashed just like the characters she watches in the telenovelas. Across a stream by the name Woman Hollering Creek, Cleofilas finds out that she had left a boring yet peaceful life with the family that she shared (her father and six brothers). All through her marriage with Juan; the relationship is tumultuous as Pedro is unfaithful, abusive and also leaves her in isolation most of the time. Her new life that was supposed to be full of passion like the ones she had seen in the telenovelas becomes â€Å"sadder and sadder† with each episode even though she has a belief that â€Å"when one finds, finally, the great love of one's life, [one] does whatever one can, must do, at whatever the case to protect it†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This results to her being depressed and the same time develops a keen interest she has on her legendary icon on the t elenovelas, la llorona, and the creek that is named after her legendary icon that runs behind her house. However, unlike the â€Å"weeping woman† in the telenovela; who chooses death as a solution and means to escape her unloving husband, Cleofilas in a sense chooses life and this will help in dealing with her problem. With the aid of

Intention and Recommendations Essay Example for Free

Intention and Recommendations Essay In the early 1960’s, Columbia, as well as other Latin American countries, witnessed a rise in leftist movements motivated by endemic poverty, social inequality and the success of the Cuban Revolution. At that time, the FARC embraced the PCCs Soviet-style Marxist-Leninist ideology. The early membership of the FARC consisted of communist ideologues as well as noncommunist peasants, many of whom had been active during â€Å"la violencia†. The FARCs stated goal is to overthrow the current democratic government of Colombia and replace it with a Communist government. They claim to represent the rural poor against Colombia’s wealthy classes and oppose American influence in Colombia (particularly Plan Colombia), the privatization of natural resources, multinational corporations, and rightist violence. FARC has shown a willingness to meet with the Columbian government but no agreement has managed to have any permanence. In May 1984, the government and the FARC signed La Uribe peace accords which permitted FARC to form a legitimate political party, the Union Patriotica (UP). The UP party comprised of former guerrillas and Communists espoused anti-corruption policies, harsh penalties against narco-traffickers and progressive land and economic reforms. As the UP gained in popularity and political clout, they soon became the target of para-military right-wing death squads and drug cartels. Thousands of UP members and candidates have either been assassinated or have disappeared. With their hope at political legitimacy sabotaged, the FARC reverted back to violence and narco-trafficking. It is unclear if FARC has actually done anything positive in support of their stated agenda. The Counsel on Hemispheric Affairs (COHA) states, â€Å"FARC is extremely out of touch and unconcerned with the interests of the Colombian public today, including the rural populace. † According to BBC News and COHA, less than 5 percent of the population supports FARC and their involvement with kidnappings and drug-trafficking denigrates their ideological rhetoric. It should be mentioned that Manuel Marulanda Velez died on March 25, 2008 of reported heart failure, after almost five decades of rule. Several of his key leaders have also recently been killed; one at the hands of his own guards. It remains to be seen what the affect of these deaths will have on the stability and future of FARC. The death of two key members of the Secretariat and a recent successful rescue of hostages from FARC (July 2008) supports the current belief that FARC is in a state of disarray; but they are far from disbanding. It is estimated that they still hold 700 hostages and control millions of dollars in drug trade. Economic and political stability play key roles in reducing the motivation of a populace to vehemently oppose governments. Programs that reduce the perception of government â€Å"injustices† will erode public support for any â€Å"radical† factions and erode groups internally, especially if they begin to doubt their purpose. The country practices a democratic government similar to the United States. According to BBC and COHA reports, President Uribe and the government have a high approval rating and the gross national product has been steadily rising along with tourism and trade. One of the weakest key indicators is a high unemployment rate (11%) which should be countered with government programs to employ young adults†¦the most vulnerable pool for radical organizations. This will further bolster the economy and take away a recruiting source. Although military pressure is essential with regards to fighting a paramilitary force like FARC, the use of military operations towards FARC should be used in tandem with local civilian authorities. Confidence in local authorities solidifies the local base and further weakens the recruiting pool. President Uribe’s increased military and police efforts have shown a significant reduction in kidnappings and assassinations. Corruption scandals that have plagued previous administrations do not seem to be a major issue with the current administration. Any signs of corruption should be dealt with quickly and firmly to support credibility of the administration. Colombian scholar Herbert â€Å"Tico† Braun suggests that a crucial factor in the mindset of para-military and terrorist organizations is the need to be recognized as a viable and key player in determining local and national policies. Braun states, â€Å"†¦the FARC wants to contribute something, and be perceived as helping the nation. If the FARC can be seen as forcing the government to make important societal changes, it might be willing to give something up in return, and possibly even begin disarming. With their willingness to participate in talks in the past combined with their current perceived vulnerability, talks should be offered again to FARC but only under very strict guidelines to include a limited disarmament. A political wing, comprised of â€Å"non-militants† or people outside the direct leadership of FARC, should be offered the ability to es tablish a political party to forward similar goals of the FARC. The eradication of narco-trafficking is probably the most difficult strategy to implement and enforce. Local and regional efforts should be a high priority of resourcing and highly-publicized. The international drug trade is lucrative and any hint of corruption within the government needs to be dealt with swiftly. The improvements in economy along with continued subsidies to farmers who grow legal crops will help to erode the drug trade internally. Support directly from the United States should be limited as it benefits the rebel propaganda. With Venezuela’s public withdrawal of support for the FARC, international alliances should be pursued with regards to drug enforcement, especially pertaining to land and water boundaries in order to make it easier for law enforcement to work without restrictions to borders. Although the geographical and political landscape of Columbia presents unique challenges in dealing with the FARC, the tenants for a counterterrorism strategy are basic: Commitment to a national political strategy, limited but clear and concise military strategy, priority resourcing of regional and local security, implementation of economic reforms, improvement of human rights protection, and a vigorous and effective counter-narcotics program.

William Shakespeares Hamlet Essay -- Tragedy of Hamlet

William Shakespeare's Hamlet 'Hamlet' is a play written by William Shakespeare in late 15th or early 16th century. The main character Hamlet faces many difficulties, which cause him to doubt life, question death and look at human characters. The main problem, which in turn leads to others along his journey, is when he encounters his dead father in the form of a ghost. He tells Hamlet of his murder by his brother who is now married to his widowed wife, Hamlets Uncle and Mother. Hamlet spends the play trying to avenge his father's death and it is questionable to whether he does. In this essay I aim to examine Hamlet's state of mind and personality within four incidents. From there I will analyse any changes that I believe Hamlet to make and why I think they happen. My four chosen incidents are; Hamlets plan for a play (Act two Scene two), Hamlet's famous 'to be or not to be' speech and conversation with Ophelia (Act three Scene one), the death of Polonius in Gertrude's closet (Act three Scene four), and finally, when the news of Ophelia's death reaches Hamlet and leads into a confrontation with her brother, Laertes (Act five Scene one). To analyse the changes in the character of Hamlet it must first be considered how he deals with the news of his father's death before further revelations are revealed and then track his thoughts and actions as the play progresses. It must be determined if there is evidence of Hamlet being suicidal over the death of his father without such events as his 'antic disposition' in the way. We must also decide if Hamlet was insane, before or at any point through the play. Finally, why does Hamlet fe... ... very much alike, both nosey and very wordy. It provides mental recognition for Hamlet that he is changing and his childish way, from such scenes as Gertrude's closest, are not needed anymore. It also provides Hamlet with a thirst for blood and shows him what actions he is capable of. I believe it to be a second key scene for Hamlet. Finally, I think Hamlet is undeveloped emotionally and finds it very hard to deal with his father's death and to hear he was murdered destroys Hamlets life. I feel great empathy with him and understand why he may appear suicidal and mad to some, whereas I do not agree. I think he does remarkably well to deal with the situation and do no think that I could. I don't think he does revenge his father's murder but does not need to. He is a very interesting character who emerges victorious.

Ethics †Morality Essay

Ethical relativism is a view on morality stating that there are no universally accepted moral principles. Morality varies from one culture to another and no society has the right to impose their view of morality on other societies. Ethical relativism can be summed up to mean that morals are derived from what is culturally acceptable in any given society. ER is made up of two theses. The first is the diversity thesis, which simply says that moral practices are diverse across cultures. Ruth Benedict defends this theory by using homosexuality as an example. She explains how homosexuality was accepted and even encouraged in many cultures throughout history, like ancient Greece, but denounced in others. More evidence for the diversity thesis can be found in burial practices. Ancient Greeks honored their dead by burning the bodies. Similarly, Callatians showed respect to their dead by eating the bodies. However, both cultures were extremely offended when asked how much money would be required to institute the burial practices of the other. These examples clearly illustrate the vast differences in morality from culture to culture. ER’s second thesis is called the dependency thesis. It states that there is no objective standard by which to judge morality. Westermark defends this theory by saying that ethics is a learned set of behaviors instilled in every human at a young age by his or her surroundings. As a young person, we pick up on â€Å"right† and â€Å"wrong† by learning from those around us what is culturally acceptable. The ultimate source of morality, according to Westermark, is sympathy. This â€Å"gut feeling† of right and wrong is the only scale of morality each person has. Pojman has found many discrepancies in the theory of ethical relativism. Since ER says that no cultures view of morality can be criticized, we ought to be tolerant of all cultures. The problem is that tolerance would then be a universal moral principle, which ER says doesn’t exist. In fact it would be just as acceptable for a culture to be intolerant since morality is relative. Thus ER is logically inconsistent. This inconsistency makes ER inapplicable to solving conflicts between cultures, since each can be viewed as being morally right in any action by their own definition. Pojman also explains how any social reformers, like Martin Luther King Jr. , would inherently be wrong by going against the societal majority (i. e. those that determine morals). ER also implies that mass opinion is infallible, thus making a brutal dictator such as Hitler morally justified. The challenge of the ring is a hypothetical question posed to Socrates by Glaucon in the 5th century BC. Glaucon introduces a mythical ring that turns its wearer invisible. Glaucon says that every person, even the seemingly most moral, would use the ring to his or her advantage even at the detriment of others. His argument is based on the fact that the only reason people don’t live fully unjust lives now is fear of repercussions. Under the stipulation that one can never be caught, the fear vanishes one becomes immoral. Socrates responds by asking if injustice really does pay. His point is that by one’s own definition of success, one may or may not use the ring. For example if success is defined by a man as being scrupulous, he wouldn’t use the ring because ultimately it doesn’t lead to happiness for him. In contrast, the man who defines success by wealth would use the ring. Socrates says that to do injustice is to scar ones â€Å"soul,† which is equivalent to the modern word â€Å"character. † Both sides of the ring argument have merit. For the majority of the population I believe Glaucon is right, they would use the ring. However, some define happiness differently, and for them the ring is of no use. Friedman’s argument on corporate social responsibility is that it doesn’t exist. According to Friedman, a corporation’s only goal is to increase profits infinitely while staying within the realm of the law. He states that a corporate executive is merely an employee of the shareholders and his or her job is solely to increase return to the shareholders. If an executive were to be â€Å"socially responsible† and donate money to a charity, it’s an unauthorized distribution of shareholder funds. Thus being socially responsible is simultaneously being morally irresponsible. The burden of social responsibility should be placed on individual consumers. If they don’t like the policies and practices of a certain company they have the option to not buy the product or not invest in the company. The divine command theory makes a single differentiation between right and wrong. Simply, according to DCT, morally right means commanded by God and morally wrong means forbidden by God. This theory is highly criticized and many philosophers would say it has been refuted for thousands of years. The main criticism comes from Socrates and Euthyphro. The question is whether what is right is right because God says so (DCT) or does God say it’s right because he sees that its right (theory of natural law). Option one is quickly dismissed by Euthyphro because it implies quite a bit of arbitrariness. For instance, in the very beginning all actions were morally equal until God starting commanding and prohibiting certain ones. If God loving something makes it right, what reason is there for God wanting us to do right? If God commanded adultery, adultery would be morally right and obligatory. Option two means that there is a standard of morals independent from God’s own will. This contradicts the divine command theory’s basic component that commanded by God is right and prohibited by God is wrong. -Reason, Morality, and Public Policy: Classic and Contemporary Readings in Philosophy by: G. M. Brown, Ph. D.

American Dream for Women- Yes or No

Gender- Inequality in labor force The American Dream, one of the most attractive things which draw thousands people to the United States, is just a simple promise: equality. This is where people can work hard and expect to gain from their effort. This is where opportunities are equally provided for anyone who has determination to improve his or her life. Anyone can have equal access to the American Dream. However, it depends. If you are White, you can dream that dream. If you are non-White, you cannot.If you belong to the middle and upper class, you have the right to dream. If you find yourself struggling to have daily meals, you do not have that right. Similarly, if you are male, go ahead, but if you are not, you have to step back. Gender has always been a big problem with the American Dream. Women cannot move themselves to better lives in the same way that men are able to. Gender creates deep-rooted inequality against women in the labor force, through the social construction of gen der roles and femininity.Inequality between two genders shows up as early as in the beginning of one’s career. Influenced by gender roles, women and men tend to choose jobs that can help them fulfill their social expectations (Weisgram, Dinella, and Fulcher 245). For example, men would prefer jobs with high monetary reward to fulfill their breadwinning roles, and women would choose jobs which allow them to have time with their family as they are supposed to be the main caretakers.Women, raised with the idea of femininity, would choose careers related to caring or serving such as teachers and nurses, while men would be more attracted to careers in technology and management fields, which require the supposedly masculine characteristics such as decisiveness. As a result, women have a tendency to choose their careers in female-dominated fields, whose monetary reward generally is lower than those of male-dominated fields. This division of the work force also influences womenâ€⠄¢s expectation of their future salaries.Research shows that men overall have higher pay expectation than women, and people intending to work in male-dominated fields have much higher pay expectation than those who want to work in female-dominated fields (Hogue, DuBois, and Fox- Cardamone 222). Low pay expectation can result in receiving lower pay offers in an equally qualified pool of job applicants, and starting wages can affect one’s career in his or her long term payment (Hogue, DuBois, and Fox-Cardamone 215). This reflects that in reality women who work in ale-dominated fields earn 26% more than other women who have female-dominated jobs, as the U. S. Department of Labor reported in 2008 (qtd. in Hogue, Dubois, and Fox-Cardamone 215). Women, influenced by their gender roles and the concept of femininity, experience inequality in their work choices and pay expectations. Women face difficulties during their careers because of their traditional gender roles as main family c aretakers. Wives, not husbands, are generally the ones who have primary responsibilities in domestic work, either household chores or child care.In dual-earner families, men usually share housework with their partners, yet women still have the main responsibility in organizing family life (Rubin 247). Most people used to consider women entering the work force as expanding their traditional role without men changing theirs (Gilbert and Rader 164). Women were seen as being in conflict between outside work and family; the more time they spent on working outside, the more they would neglect their supposedly main role. Questions were then raised about whether working mothers had negative effects on their children as well as the family as a whole.Although research showed that having dual-earner families had no effect on preschool-age children, especially if additional income was used in daily childcare, this whole viewpoint discouraged women from working outside for a long time (Gilbert a nd Rader 164). Even though our society is now more accepting toward working mothers, women still cannot have the same opportunities as men when it comes to careers, which involve more commitment than jobs. ( Jobs vs careers ) Women are encouraged to have paid jobs to balance their families’ finance, to better their children’s and husbands’ lives.In other words, women’s working outside is seen as part of their traditional role, or part of their femininity: supporting men. Women who want to pursue their professional careers especially those in high levels, have to spend a lot of time working just like their male colleagues. However, unlike men, they are usually criticized as not fulfilling their traditional role. Women who challenge the idea of gender roles are facing a lot of pressure, both from the work place and from their families.As women’s major career is family work, they will not be considered successful if they fail as wives and mothers. The ir occupational success will not be viewed seriously as it is still their secondary role. These negative effects of gender cause a lot of difficulties for women who want to seriously pursue their careers, and create a deep inequality between women and men in the labor force. Although there are more and more women working in male-dominated jobs, it is not the case for the most male-dominated field: leadership.Only 21% of women hold middle management positions, and just 15% can be senior level managers (Sipe, Johnson, and Fisher 340). Only 1. 2% of Fortune 500 CEOs are women, according to a Catalyst study (Gorski). Leadership positions have much better monetary awards than other positions; they can be indications of one’s expertise and success in his or her job and can promote self-esteem as well as confidence. Even though women now have chances to work in diverse fields, they are not given equal opportunities to take leadership roles, which perpetuates the inequality in the wo rkplace.This can be explained, again, by the idea of femininity and masculinity. Masculinity usually includes those traits such as ambitious, analytical, assertive, decisive, independent, etc. , while femininity denotes characteristics such as affectionate, gentle, caring, warm, soft-spoken, etc. â€Å"The first [masculinity] expresses the intellect, the second [femininity] â€Å"the heart†; the first the â€Å"rational† faculties, the second the â€Å"intuitive† or â€Å"emotional†Ã¢â‚¬ ( Jamieson 124).Those feminine traits are not considered suitable for a leader or for a management position, which traditionally requires those masculine traits such as decisiveness and independence. Because of the effect of gender stereotypes, people view women as possessing the â€Å"natural† femininity, and women are often raised in a way which encourages them to develop such traits to live up to their social expectations. Not all men possess these appreciated characteristics, and not all women are feminine in the way our society thinks.However, women as a group have suffered from this idea of femininity as people refuse to acknowledge their strength but focus on their gender- based inability to perform leadership. As a result, in a society that considers men as natural leaders, women find it difficult to break those gender stereotypes in order to prove themselves as effective leaders. According to Noble and Moore (2006), many women who are able to achieve leadership eventually give up their positions (qtd. in Sipe, Johnson, and Fisher 340). In her book Beyond the Double Bind, Kathleen H.Jamieson analyzed the gender-caused prejudice against women who were already leaders. As femininity is opposed to the traditional leadership style, women in those positions must be able to show some certain masculine characteristics. They are then perceived as not acting feminine, which is inappropriate in our gender-based society, or as not being mascul ine enough for effective leadership (Jamieson 121). For example, if a female leader talked assertively, she would be considered unfeminine or even rude for a woman, yet if she did not, she would be criticized as having poor leadership skills.Women with their traditional gender role and their assigned femininity have always confronted difficulties in the workplace. The unequal process starts as soon as they begin to form their ideas about what career they want to pursue, to their lives with a double role as family caretakers and normal employees. It also affects their effort to get promoted to management level; even if they already achieve something, the process works to diminish it. Women have always had to work much harder than men in order to achieve equal statuses.They have to overcome many disadvantages, as well as work against men’s privilege. Men are viewed as natural leaders; women are not. In order to be equal, they have to prove themselves as effective leaders as wel l as better leaders than those supposedly natural leaders. Women were raised in a society which views them as inferior, and to achieve equality means to work hard to change their own minds, as well as others’. Women have never enjoyed the real equality which many politicians mentioned in their articulate speeches.They have never had the right to dream the American Dream, which promises that everyone will have equal chances to work themselves out of poverty and live their dream lives. Works Cited Gilbert, Lucia A. , and Rader, Jill. â€Å"Current Perspectives on Women’s Adult Roles: Work, Family, and Life. † Handbook of the Psychology of Women and Gender. Ed. Rhoda K. Unger. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2001. 156-169. Print. Gorski, Paul C.. â€Å"Class and Poverty Awareness Quiz†. Edchange. 2011. Web. 19 Oct. 2011.Houge, Mary, DuBois, Cathy L. Z. , and Fox-Cardamone, Lee. â€Å"Gender Differences in Pay Expectations: the Roles of Job Intention and S elf-View. † Psychology of Women Quarterly. 34. 2. (2010): 215-227. Academic Search Premier. Web. 19 Oct. 2011. Jamieson, Kathleen H.. Beyond the Double Bind. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. Print. Rubin, Lillian. â€Å"Families on the Fault Line†. The Social Construction of Difference and Inequality. Ed. Tracy E. Ore. New York: McGraw Hill, 2006. 245-254. Print. Sipe, Stephanie, Johnson, C.Douglas, and Fisher, Donna K.. â€Å"University Students’ Perceptions of Gender Discrimination in the Workplace Reality Versus Fiction. † Journal of Education for Business. 84. 6 (2009):339-349. Academic Search Premier. Web. 19 Oct. 2011. Weisgram, Erica, Dinella, Lisa, and Fulcher, Megan. â€Å"The Role of Masculinity/ Femininity, Values, and Occupational Value Affordances in Shaping Young Men’s and Women’s Occupational Choices. † Sex Roles. 65. 3/4. (2011): 243-258. Academic Search Premier. Web. 19 Oct. 2011.

Non-Member Countries of the United Nations

Non-Member Countries of the United Nations Although most of the worlds 196 countries have joined forces to tackle global issues like global warming, trade policy, and human rights and humanitarian issues through joined the United Nations as U.N. member states, two countries are not members of the U.N.: Palestine and the Holy See (Vatican City). Both, however, are considered Non-member States of the United Nations, which means they have permanent invitations to participate as observers of the General Assembly and are provided free access to documents of the United Nations. Although not specifically dictated in provisions of the United Nations, the non-member permanent observer status has been recognized as a matter of practice in the U.N. since 1946 when the Swiss Government was given the status by the Secretary-General. More often than not, permanent observers later join the United Nations as full members when their independence has been recognized by more members and their governments and economy have stabilized enough to be able to provide financial, military or humanitarian support for international initiatives of the United Nations. Palestine Palestine currently operates on a Permanent Observer Mission of the State of Palestine to the United Nations because of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict and its subsequent fight for independence. Until such a time as the conflict is resolved, though, the United Nations cannot allow Palestine to become a full member because of a conflict of interest with Israel, which is a member state. Unlike other conflicts in the past, namely Taiwan-China, the United Nations favors a two-state resolution to the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict wherein both states emerge from the battle as independent nations under a peaceful pact. If this does happen, Palestine would almost certainly be accepted as a full member of the United Nations, though that depends on member states votes during the next General Assembly. The Holy See (Vatican City) The independent papal state of 771 people (including the Pope) was created in 1929, but they have not chosen to become part of the international organization. Still, Vatican City currently operates in the United Nations as a Permanent Observer Mission of the Holy See to the U.N. Essentially, this just means that the Holy See- which is separate from Vatican City State - has access to all parts of the United Nations but does not get to cast a vote in the General Assembly, largely because of the Popes preference to not immediately affect international policy. The Holy See is the only fully independent nation to choose not to be a member of the United Nations. States Without Non-member Observer Status Unlike the U.N.s official permanent observers, these states are not recognized by the U.N. However, they are recognized as independent states by some of the U.N.s members. Name Recognized By Kosovo 102 U.N. member states Western Sahara 44 U.N. member states Taiwan 16 U.N. member states South Ossetia 5 U.N. member states Abkhazia 5 U.N. member states Northern Cyprus 1 U.N. member state Kosovo Kosovo declared independence from Serbia  on February 17, 2008, but has not gained complete international recognition to allow it to become a member of the United Nations. Still, at least one member country of the U.N. recognizes Kosovo as capable of independence, though it technically still remains part of Serbia, acting as an independent province. However, Kosovo is not listed as an official non-member state of the United Nations, though it has joined the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, which are two other international communities focused more on international economy and global trade rather than geopolitical issues. Kosovo does hope to one day join the United Nations as a full member, but political unrest in the region, as well as the ongoing United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK), have kept the country from political stability to the degree required to join as a functioning member state. Today, Kosovo is recognized by 102 U.N. members. Taiwan In 1971 the Peoples Republic of China (mainland China) replaced Taiwan (also known as the Republic of China) in the United Nations, and to this day the status of Taiwan remains in limbo because of political unrest between those claiming Taiwanese independence and PRCs insistence on control over the entire region. The General Assembly has not fully extended the non-member state status of Taiwan since 2012 because of this unrest. Unlike Palestine, however, the United Nations does not favor a two-state resolution and has subsequently not offered non-member status to Taiwan as to not offend the Peoples Republic of China, which is a member state. Today, Taiwan is recognized by 16 U.N. members.

The Impact of Trucker Driver Wellness Programs

The Impact of Trucker Driver Wellness Programs The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recently interviewed nearly 1,700 truckers about their health and work- and the results were shocking. 69% were obese. 54% smoked. And 88% reported at least one risk factor for chronic disease. Improving trucker wellness is a no-brainer for any long-haul fleet; it can help prevent high turnover rates, but also helps retain the most talented employees without having to lose them to disease or poor health.It’s never been easy to stay fit or healthy on the long-haul, but it’s no longer possible to ignore the impact on truckers’ health. Melton Truck Lines in Tulsa, OK, first rolled out an intervention program aimed at helping drivers who might be close to failing their physicals to lower their blood pressure and glucose levels. They hired a wellness manager, implemented a weight loss and voluntary lipid-panel testing program to guard against creeping cholesterol levels, and converted an employee smoking lounge into a gym. Melton’s Tulsa headquarters also added a landscaped walking and jogging trail, a fresh and healthy cafà ©, and a clinic providing no-cost primary medical care to employees.Getting drivers to participate in their own health is the cornerstone of the program. Melton even offers a â€Å"Health Concierge† service that helps employees sort through their health care costs and needs. There are various incentives and motivational programs, an online community, and even an app to keep employees motivated.While it’s hard to measure the success of these new initiatives on turnover rates, more drivers are passing their DOT physicals. And the number of employees who identified as having three medical risk factors dropped from 51% to 38% within one year. The number of employees reporting zero risk factors went up from 13% to 17% in that same year.Other companies have followed suit. Celadon Trucking launched their â€Å"Highway to Health† program in 2006, with similar screenings and incentives, as well as nutritional and exercise programs, and a full-service primary care medical clinic in their Indianapolis headquarters (as of 2011). And Schneider also has a Health and Wellness Manager to oversee their programs and focus on keeping individual truckers as healthy and productive as possible, which makes them safer on the road.We can only hope these trends begin to spread throughout the industry and become standard practice- for the benefit of everyone involved.The Impact of Truck Driver Wellness Programs

Too Big To Fail Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Too Big To Fail - Essay Example In addition, these large financial firms control the backbone of the economy. Their failure would lead to a financial crisis that would affect members of the American society (Hughes and Mester 12). The concept of â€Å"Too Big to Fail† has two phases. The first phase is the positive effect that these large firms have on the economy. A large firm is very complex and organized, and as such, provides numerous economic opportunities to both the country and its citizens, such as employment, economies of scale, and better service delivery. On the other hand, it has a negative phase whereby their failure would bring down the economy to a standstill. For instance, all the small firms that depend on these big firms will also collapse, and their employees will be jobless. There would be no money flowing through the economy considering the economic crisis caused by the failure of these big firms. As such, the government takes necessary steps to eradicate these risks by supporting these big firms with a bailout whenever they are in crisis. However, they use taxpayers’ money, which is another burden to the country (Feldman and Stern 13). The Freeman newspaper article discussed the concept at one point in time whereby analysts argued over the inclusion of the concept in the banking sector. The introduction of the concept in 1984 to the economy of the United States and especially to the banking sector in the country emerged after the failure of the Continental Illinois. This failure led to a massive economic crunch in the country, and as such, the government took proactive steps to bail out the bank. By introducing the concept, the US government overlooked the reasons why the bank failed in the first place. As such, the concept only worsened the banking condition in the country, instead of the remedy it was to provide, as practitioners in the banking

Fieldwork plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Fieldwork plan - Essay Example 2009: 73). The realm of civil society in Saudi was for long a neglected field and least studied have been conducted in this region among others of Middle East and GCC countries. Activists and intellectuals advocating for developments and reforms concerning human rights as social actors have gradually been effectively active since early 2000s. The increased advocacies on human rights have subsequently increased the space for people to pressure governments from bellow thereby representing a greater challenge (Alhargan, 2012). This PhD thesis aims to investigate the nature of civil society in Saudi Arabia and examines the suitability of the civil society theories and to what extent such theories can be applied to the Saudi context. Moreover, this research aims at determining whether the same theories should modify and develop to guide those who are interested in this field. Notably, this fieldwork aims at collecting primary qualitative data on civil society in Saudi Arabia. Such data will be collected in various forms and structures; furthermore, that data will contain depicting functions it performs, the influence it has upon the broad society and the ruling powers, and the effectiveness by which it discharges these functions. The fieldwork also aims to gather in-depth information about the role of the religious leadership in the development of civil society, and their influence on political authority. The research shall also obtain information about tribal regional and sectarian identities and their impact on civil society. Numerous studies have since concentrated on the relationship between civil society and religion. This has been so for long time particularly since the Roman Catholic Church concentrated its focus on marginalized areas and politically unstable regions. According to Alhargan, local actors advocating civil rights mainly arose from the religious establishment, unaffiliated government clerics, independent rights activists

Citizens view on police conduct Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Citizens view on police conduct - Essay Example An effective civilian oversight ensures that the police work force utilise their power in respect to the law, and the constitutional rights and freedoms of the citizens. Walker explains that there is a review board responsible for the oversight units in law enforcement agencies. The review board consists of professionals who monitor the law enforcement operations (Walker, 2005). The areas that the oversight agencies focus on include the use of force, personnel issues, and lawsuits against the police departments, policies used in police departments. The special counsel and review commission acts as mediators between the public and the police departments. Citizen oversight agencies process public complains. The internal affairs unit investigates the complaints. The counsel reviews the internal affairs investigations if they find the public complaints are justified the counsel makes recommendations that are incorporated into the policies of law enforcement agencies. According to walker and Andreaz, the recommendations are essential in the transformation of policies in police units. Citizen oversight encourages law enforcement agencies to foster a culture of openness and responsiveness. The special counsel and review commission responsible for citizen oversight publish reports that allows member of the public and media access to information regarding public complaints and the effort made by law enforcement agencies to improve the situation (Walker, 2005). Walker (2005) explains that citizen oversight have time and again failed to achieve their goals. This failure stems from factors such as poor planning, lack of political and financial support. According to walker, the resistance from police departments is a key obstacle in the successful implementation of the citizen oversight goals. Walker argues that citizen oversight agencies desire to have a working relationship with law enforcement agencies and at the same time, they value their independence and objectivity. The success of citizen oversight agencies requires finding solutions for financial constraints and resistance from police departments. It is important for police administrators to come up with ways to foster a working relationship with citizen oversight agencies. This move will facilitate the establishment of a valuable accountability system. Law enforcement units that support the role of citizen oversight agencies benefit by gaining the public’s confidence (Walker, 2005). The problems that citizen oversight agencies encounter while implementing their goals include financial constraints, unrealistic expectation set by oversight agencies, the poor planning makes it hard for oversight agencies to accomplish their goals. A lack of cooperation between oversight agencies and police departments contributes to an increased deterioration of the public’s trust in their police force. Citizen oversight agencies adopt an impartial work attitude where they focus in gathering of neu tral facts. It is due to these reasons that agency investigators fail to embrace the outrage and perspective of citizen complaints (Livingston, 2004). Walker describes that citizen oversight agencies focus on delivering the expectations of the members of the public and at the same time, assist police departments fight the issue of misconduct. However, citizen oversight agencies are encouraged to avoid offering a judgement on the allegations. On the other hand, there are police

Apply The Theory Of Consumer Behavior To Tea Drinking Marketing Essay

Apply The Theory Of Consumer Behavior To Tea Drinking Marketing Essay With the deepening of research on consumer behavior, people more and more profoundly realize that consumer behavior is an integral whole, is a process, and obtaining and purchasing are just a stage of this process. Therefore, the study of consumer behavior should investigate and understand the evaluation and selection activities of consumers before the obtaining of products and services, and whats more, attention should also be paid to the activities of the use and disposal after the obtain of the products (Elizabeth, 2009). Since consumer behavior is important, research on the theory of consumer behavior is necessary. In a narrow sense, consumer behavior only refers to purchase behavior of consumers and the actual consumption of consumer data. In a broad sense, consumer behavior not only comprises some decision-making processes, which refer to various actions that consumers take for the demand and dispose of consumer goods, but also includes a serious of complex processes, such as t he obtain of consumption revenue (Leon, 2007). Both theory of central place and model of space interaction regard the consumer group activities as the research object. Theory of central place assumes that consumers will tend to a recent center that can provide goods or services, which accords with the agent of economic-man. According to the theory of central place, consumers are intellectual in saving cost and maximizing their utility. Model of space interaction regards that consumer behavior is closely linked to the reaction of center attraction and the competition among other center systems. In real life, purchase decision-makers, buyers, users of the same goods or services may be the same individual, also may be different. Consumer behavior is closely related to the exchange of products or services (Bruce, 2009). In the condition of modern market economy, enterprises research on consumer behavior focuses on establishing and developing long-term exchange relationship with consumer s. In order to earn more profits and make a long-term development in the fierce competition, enterprises should firstly need to understand that consumers are how to acquire products and services, and they also need to know that consumers are how to use products and products are how to be treated after the use. Consumers spending experience, mode and feeling of disposal old products can have an impact on the next round of consumers purchase, in other words, it can directly influence the long-term exchange relation between enterprises and consumers. There are many factors that can have an impact on consumer behavior, and this article will just introduce some main factors (Laura, 2009). The first one is cultural factor. Culture is the basic factor of desires and behavior of human. Different culture can generate different social strata. Due to the diversity of value, consumption, aesthetics and habits of different social strata, they have different ways of choosing pattern, quantity, qu ality, design requirements of products. Consumers of each stratus have their shops and products of adapting themselves. The second one is social factor. Social factor refers to related groups, character and position of family and individual. In purchasing behavior, consumers often use the most general consumption concept and consumer behavior to regulate their own consumption behavior, so related groups around consumers especially their family and good friends have a considerable influence on the purchasing behavior of consumers. The third one is personal factor. Purchasing decisions of consumers are affected by their individual characteristics, such as age, occupation, economic status, lifestyle and self-concept. The fourth one is psychological factor. The psychological factor concludes demand and motivation, consciousness, learning and memory, attitudes. These factors not only affect and in some extent resolve the decision-making behavior of consumers, but also can has enlarging o r inhibition effect on the external environment and marketing stimulation. 2, Apply the theory of consumer behavior to tea drinking With the improvement of living standards of residents and the changes in the concept of consumption, tea drinking has transferred from the former life luxury to daily necessities of life. More and more consumers choose tea drinking as their main drinking, instead of other drinking. There are many reasons responsible for this phenomenon, and the main reason is that great changes have taken place on purchasing behavior of consumers. A serious of factors that influence consumer behavior can have an impact on tea drinking (Natalie, 2009). The first aspect is the change of cultural factor. With the change of value and consumption of consumers, more and more consumers choose tea drinking. Natural, healthy, natural regression has become the main health consume trend that more and more consumers pursue. The reason why tea drinking suddenly fire arises is that it meets the consumers needs, and the consumption way of tea drinking meets the requirement of modern way of life. The characteristics of tea drinking can be summarized as three low: low calorie, low fat and low sugar. Natural, thirst, healthy, refreshing, tea drinking is more thirst than carbonated drinks, and is more pleasant than water drinking. Tea drinking is not only elegant, lingering fragrance, rich in health care, bur also has the function of nutrition, health effect and thirst quencher. The second aspect is the change of social factor. If some consumers like the tea drinking, they can affect the related groups, and the last outcome is that some relevant consumers choose tea drinking. The third aspect is the change of personal factor. One of the reasons that tae beverage began to sell lies in that the income level of young consumers has an improvement in recent years. With the increase of disposable income of the younger generation, most consumers regard that bottle beverage is more expensive, but they feel more smart, fashion. People with the characteristics of pop, fashionable and fancy will more choose the consumption of tea drinking. The fourth aspect is the change of psychological factor. Brand loyalty has a lot to do with the consumer behavior of tea beverage market. Due to brand loyalty, consumer behavior can have positive effect on tea drinking. Once consumers like to drink some tea drinking, they will choose the same tea drinking under the effect of brand loyalty. Another reason that more and more consumers like tea drinking is that health consciousness of people has risen. In the past carbonated drinks like cola drinks occupy the absolute superiority in the cool and refreshing beverage market, and drinks with high sweetness are popular in the non-carbonated drinks. The reason is that people think that since purchasing, the higher the nutrition has, the more cost-effective it is. With the lifestyle of high-income people gradually European, people start caring about their weight. Because people pursuit vogue weight as a fashion, tea beverage of low sweetness is reasonably to be accepted by people. People with the characteristics of the pursuit of good figure tend to consume tea beverage. Undoubtedly, it is precisely because tea beverage meets the function and psychology demand of contemporary consumer that it develops so quickly in such a very short time. Consumer behavior has an impact on purchase behavior of consumers, which directly decides the demand of tea drinking. Therefore, consumer behavior has a great influence on the development of tea drinking. 3, Impact of theory on marketing strategies for tea The foundation of marketing decision-making is the research on consumer behavior, which is inseparable with the marketing activities of enterprises. The establishment of marketing strategies for tea is not an exception, and it will be affected by the theory of consumer behavior. The research on consumer behavior has a very important significance on improving the level of marketing decision-making and enhancing the effectiveness of marketing strategies. Consumer behavior can have an impact on drinking behavior, which influences the formulation of marketing strategies for tea, such as advertising and drinking environment (Lee, 2007). On the one hand, there are many kings of tea, if enterprises want to accepted by consumers and establish brand loyalty, it is necessary to emphasize brand image and brand management. Through the research on consumer behavior, enterprises can understand each index of various brands, such as visibility, buy/usage, loyalty, conversion and reputation. Based on understanding image, status and evaluation of each brand in the consumers, enterprises can make better brand development strategy. Tea has many different types, such as green tea and black tea, and different types should lay out different marketing strategies in order to attract more consumers. On the other hand, because people pursuit vogue weight and some consumers pursue nutrition, it is necessary to make market segmentation in the tea beverage market. Market segmentation is the foundation for the formulation of marketing strategies. The purpose of marketing segment for enterprises is to find target markets which are appropriate for themselves. According to the demand of target markets, tea enterprises can formulate targeted marketing plans, in order to more fully satisfy the unique needs for consumers of the target markets (Norton, 2006). Through the effective market segmentation, tea enterprises can divide different consumers into different consumer groups so that they can imp lement efficient marketing strategies to meet the needs of different consumers. In the process of enterprises development, every enterprise has to develop new products in order to meet the needs of consumers. In the course of implementation of new products, tea enterprises can take marketing strategy that every consumer can drink free of charge in a certain period of time so that consumers can accept the new product better. Besides, tea enterprises can give tea of small packing to consumers. Tea enterprises can develop new products according to understanding the needs and desires of consumers and the evaluation of various products attributes. It can be said that the research on consumer behavior is an important source for the design of new products, and meanwhile it is also an important way of testing new products of various factors, such as performance, packaging, taste, color, specifications, which can be accepted and in what ways it should be further perfected. The aim of the dev elopment of new products is to obtain more market shares and meet the needs of different consumers. Natural, healthy, natural regression has become the main health consume trend that more and more consumers pursue, so tea enterprises should blend this trend into their advertising and marketing strategies (Eric, 2004). Consumers regard tea drinking as a fashion, so advertising and marketing strategies of tea enterprises should add fashionable element so that consumers can accept it easily. Through the study of consumer behavior, tea enterprises can understand the way that consumers gain information, the attitude and evaluation that consumers treat advertising and promotion of enterprises, so that tea enterprises can set up set up reasonable and effective advertising and promotion strategies. 4, Statistics on Tea consumption in China According to introducing of tea industry insiders, tea beverage is the fastest-drinks in Europe and America in the 1990s, and it is regarded as a beverage of new era. In Taiwan and Japan, tea beverage has become the first biggest drink variety, and 95% of beverage enterprises in Taiwan produce tea beverage. In recent years, the development speed of tea beverage market in China has exceeded 300%, and tea drinking has become the third drinking after carbonated drinks and bottled drinks, increasing rapidly. According to tea consumption in China, readers can find that the development of tea consumption is China is fast. With the passage of time, the consumption will continue to become larger. The following form is the tea consumption in China in recent years (internet data): year Output(tons) Revenue(billion yuan) 1984 0.66 3.3 1990 1.7 4.4 1995 6.9 23 1996 9.4 35.2 1997 10.5 41 1998 11.6 45 1999 13.5 54 2000 14.4 55.5 2001 15.5 58 2002 17.5 65 2003 20 70 Form the above form we can find that with the improvement of living standards of residents and the changes in the concept of consumption in China, tea drinking has transferred from the former life luxury to daily necessities of life, and Chinese consumers have more and more tea consumption. 5, History of Lipton Tea Lipton is the largest tea brand in the world. It not only represents the tea experts, but also stands for an international, fashionable, urbanization life. Lipton has remained superior quality and aromatic delicious of successive generation for more than 100 years (internet data). With its bright yellow Lipton delivers its purpose to the world: natural light, vigor and good fun. Mr. Thomas once went out to travel and reached Ceylon, a famous tea production area. British people like Ceylon tea very much, but due to the high price of drinks, only few people can enjoy it. Lipton sensitively realized that if he can make the tea enter the mass of everyday life, it will become a good business. Lipton was founded by Mr. Thomas in 1871. In 1890 he officially launched Lipton tea in Britain, and his slogan is direct from tea garden to the tea pot. In 1892, Lipton began its globalization movement. It firstly opened its factories in the United States, and then ran its branches in India, entering the far eastern markets. In 1898, Lipton was conferred dignity by queen, winning the reputation of the king of tea. 80 years after the old Lipton beginning its global expansion of Lipton brand, the history of Lipton occurred qualitative change, and the unilever, the most famous global individual consumer group bought the entire Lipton brand. Since then, Lipton boarded this global ship of unilevel and started its more powerful expansion. Combining the marketing experience of Lipton and unilever, products of Lipton tea now are on sale in the 110 countries and regions. Whether fame or sales, Lipton tea is the biggest global brand in the world, and its sales are higher at least one time than the second-largest brand. At the same time, Lipton tea is the third non-alcoholic beverage that consumers choose most, only after the Coca Cola and Pepsi cola. In 1992, Lipton tea entered the oldest and largest nation in the world: China. Within five years, Lipton tea won the achievements of the fi rst tea bags sales and the first market share in the investigation of mall in China. In 2001, Lipton established its global brand image again. According to different taste of consumers, Lipton makes precise market segmentation, and launches a serious of tea products in order to meet the needs of different consumers. Distinctive brand logo for the new movement of Lipton is quickly popular among young people all over the world. The vitality, healthy and upward that Lipton creates have infiltrated into the heart of young people. Lipton not only creates a kind of brand-new brand experience for young consumers, but also pours a fresh energy into tea drinks. 6, Branding and marketing of Lipton Tea China Tea culture, especially green tea culture has taken root in China for over a thousand years. Under the influence of ancient tea culture, Chinese consumers have a deep understanding about tea and the benefit of tea. Black tea originated in China has become the indispensable tea drinks in Europe and America. However, Lipton tea is obviously an exotic for todays Chinese consumers (Adam, 2009). Using black tea as its core brand, since entering Chinese market in 1992 Lipton has realized that it must break through the traditional branding and marketing gimmick of tea products in order to make Chinese consumers understand and accept Lipton brand. On the one hand, Lipton Tea is guided by the market rather than the product orientation. Lipton divides various products of tea into different categories, constantly creating new tastes and user experience. Aiming the demand of consumers rapidly drinking a cup of tea, Lipton attracts a lot of young people and office white-collar. In the website, Li pton puts several dynamic humorous videos for consumers, delivering the information that drinking tea can achieve the following purposes: keeping lightsome body, representation of youth, getting rid of fatigue and prolonging life. Various functions and different flavors of products can meet different age groups and different needs, so that Lipton can have a clear market goal and pounce in branding and marketing. On the other hand, Lipton devotes to standardization of products and brand image. Due to the reasons of plant environment, picking and making, tea products are difficulty in forming the standardization of taste. Many consumers have not the ability of identification of tea, so tea enterprises have the opportunity of shoddy. With the media exposure and the gradually mature of consumer behavior, it actually is a trust crisis for enterprises. Based on function orientation of products and brand orientation, Lipton has made a good image in the mind of consumers, so standardization of products and brand image is a great wealth for Lipton. In addition, the branding and marketing of Lipton is winning channels and the king of terminals. Lipton uses its strong image in the channel and terminal change the drinking habit of young generation and White-collar. Using the innovation marketing method of internet, Lipton has closely interaction with consumers in the fan BBS, which lets Lipton brand into the life of generation even the mood. 7, Current marketing strategies Besides the high quality and the solid foundation of brand, Lipton never slows the pace of understanding consumers and establishing communication with consumers (Jean-Pierre, 2001). Lipton devotes itself to marketing innovation: brand promotion. The current marketing strategies of Lipton focus on modern young people and White-collar. They are active, like pop culture, pay attention to health and wander about working partners to share little drops of life. Now Lipton values the needs of the Internet boom and the emotional contact between consumers. As the core products, Lipton tea is not only a simple office drinking, but also strives to deeply communicate with office white-collar group in emotional level. Lipton finds that everywhere is busy White-collar in modern city, though they are lucrative, they work strain. Although they want to contact with friends, office life takes most of their time. Lipton uses Lipton tea as a contact link between friends, which can close the relations be tween colleagues through the good office afternoon tea in relaxed moments. On the one hand, Lipton establishes brand image of the tea experts in the targeted consumers. On the other hand, it brings forth healthy tea and life attitude for consumers. In order to satisfy the consumers needs of good form and health, after efforts of four years the global RD center of Lipton and Lipton tea research institute launch Lipton tea, rich in catechin and healthy diet.